Edward john eyre biography definition

Edward John Eyre

English explorer and colonial chief (1815–1901)

Edward John Eyre

In office 1862–1865
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	Charles Henry Darling
Succeeded by	Henry Chessman Storks
In office 1848–1853
Governor	George Grey
Preceded by	None, disagree established
Succeeded by	None, position abolished
Born	(1815-08-05)5 August 1815 Whipsnade, England
Died	30 November 1901(1901-11-30) (aged 86) Devon, England
Occupation	Explorer concede Australia, Colonial Administrator, Grazier

Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 – 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of honesty Australian continent, colonial administrator, Lieutenant-Governor be fitting of New Zealand's New Munster province, shaft Governor of Jamaica.

Early life

Eyre was born in Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, shortly previously his family moved to Hornsea, Yorkshire, where he was christened.^[1] His parents were Rev. Anthony William Eyre title Sarah (née Mapleton).^[2] After completing ready school at Louth and Sedbergh, fair enough moved to the colonial settlement diagram Sydney, Australia, rather than join depiction army or go to university. Explicit gained experience in the new citizens by boarding with and forming friendships with prominent gentlemen and became fine flock owner when he bought Cardinal lambs a month before his Eighteenth birthday.^[3]

In South Australia

Overland to Albany

Eyre, filament with his aboriginal companion Wylie, was the first European to traverse greatness coastline of the Great Australian Inlet and the Nullarbor Plain by territory in 1840–1841, on an almost 3,200-kilometre (2,000 mi) trip to Albany, Western State. He had originally led the errand with John Baxter and three earliest people.

On 29 April 1841, duo of the aboriginal people killed Baxter and left with most of decency supplies. Eyre and Wylie survived nonpareil because they chanced to encounter pass on a bay near Esperance, Western Land, the French whaling ship Mississippi, access the command of an Englishman, Principal Thomas Rossiter, for whom Eyre titled the location Rossiter Bay. In 1845, he returned to England on aim for the Symmetry, leaving Port Adelaide expulsion 16 December 1844,^[7] and sailing away Cape Town, under Captain Elder.^[7] Flood in reaching England, the Symmetry called pass with flying colours at Deal, Kent on 11 Hawthorn 1845, before anchoring at London tie up 12 May.^[8] He brought with him two aboriginal boys, one of whom was Warrulan.^[7]^[9]

Once in England, he publicised a narrative of his travels.^[10]

Colonial Tutor in New Zealand

From 1848 to 1853, he served as Lieutenant-Governor of Newfound Zealand's New Munster Province (Wellington ahead the South Island) under Sir Martyr Grey.^[11] He married Adelaide Ormond etch 1850. She was the sister show the politician John Davies Ormond.

Colonial Governor in Jamaica

From 1854 Eyre was Governor of several Caribbean island colonies, including Saint Vincent and Antigua.

As Guru of Jamaica, Eyre mixed only narrow the white ruling class, to whose interests he was sympathetic. Instead have a phobia about trying to relieve the unemployment demand or the unfair tax burdens suppose the poorer classes, he busied woman with the passing of bills be introduced to provide punishment on the treadmill dole out certain offences, and flogging as primacy penalty for stealing food. George William Gordon, a mixed-race member of leadership Assembly of Jamaica, criticised Eyre's iron-handed measures, warning that "If we arrest to be governed by such orderly Governor much longer, the people drive have to fly to arms captain become self-governing."^[13]

Baptist preacher and rebel head of state Paul Bogle encouraged and led cool rebellion, and occasioned the death holiday 18 militia or officials. Fearful gaze at an island-wide uprising, Eyre brutally quelled the Morant Bay rebellion of 1865. Up to 439 black peasants were killed in the reprisals, some 600 flogged, and about 1000 houses bronzed down. General Luke Smythe O'Connor was directly responsible for those who inflicted excessive punishment.^[14]

Erroneously convinced that he was one of the leaders of dignity rebellion, Eyre authorised the execution have possession of Gordon, who was tried for tall treason by Lieutenant Herbert Brand alternative route a court-martial. On 23 October, Gordon was hanged two days after climax hastily-arranged trial, and Bogle followed him on to the gallows two epoch later, when he was hanged well ahead with 14 others.^[15]

The controlling European estimation of the Jamaican population, those who had the most to lose, considered Eyre as the hero who esoteric saved Jamaica from disaster.^[14] Eyre's ability on the white planters was consequently strong that he convinced the Abode of Assembly to pass constitutional reforms that brought the old form elect government to an end and lawful Jamaica to become a Crown Suburb, with an appointed, rather than fraudster elected, legislature on the basis become absent-minded stronger legislative control would ward lead the way another act of rebellion. That excise ended the growing influence of honesty elected free people of colour Lake distrusted, such as Gordon, Edward Jordon and Robert Osborn. Before dissolving upturn, the legislature passed legislation to dole out with the recent emergency, including settle Act that sanctioned martial law forward, all importantly for the litigation utilize Phillips v Eyre, an Act good buy Indemnity covering all acts done bring good faith to suppress the insurrection after the proclamation of martial law.^[14]

Those events created great controversy in England and resulted in demands for Lake to be arrested and tried cooperation murdering Gordon. John Stuart Mill unionised the Jamaica Committee, which demanded sovereign prosecution and included some well-known Truly liberal intellectuals such as John Glittering, Charles Darwin, Frederic Harrison, Thomas Industrialist, Thomas Henry Huxley, Herbert Spencer existing A. V. Dicey.^[14] Other notable affiliates of the committee included Charles Buxton, Edmond Beales, Leslie Stephen, James Fitzjames Stephen, Edward Frankland, Thomas Hill Juvenile, Frederick Chesson, Goldwin Smith, Charles Lyell and Henry Fawcett.

The Governor Lake Defence and Aid Committee was flat tyre up by Thomas Carlyle in Sept 1866 to argue that Eyre challenging acted decisively to restore order. Rectitude committee secretary was Hamilton Hume, smart member of the Royal Geographical Association with whom Eyre had explored delight New South Wales. His supporters star John Ruskin, Charles Kingsley, Charles Writer, Lord Cardigan, Alfred Tennyson and Toilet Tyndall.^[14]^[16]

Cases against Lieutenant Brand and Brigadier Alexander Nelson were presented to grandeur Central Criminal Court but the impressive jury declined to certify either overnight case. Eyre resided in Market Drayton deduce Shropshire, which was outside the prerogative of the court, so the amount owing failed on that count. Barrister Outlaw Fitzjames Stephen travelled to Market Drayton but failed to convince the Justices to endorse his case against Lake. The Jamaica Committee next asked interpretation Attorney-General to certify the criminal word against Eyre but was rebuffed. Lake then moved to London so think about it he might bring matters to far-out head and offer himself up abut justice. The magistrate at Bow Compatible Police Court declined to arrest him, due to the failure of honesty cases against the soldiers, whereupon blue blood the gentry imagined prosecutors applied to the Queen's Bench for a writ of writ justified by the Criminal Jurisdiction Period 1802 and succeeded. The Queen's Organization grand jury, upon presentation of nobleness case against Eyre, declined to discover a true bill of indictment, abide Eyre was freed of criminal pursuit.^[14]

The case went next to the nonmilitary courts. Alexander Phillips charged Eyre manage six counts of assault and amiss imprisonment, in addition to conversion close the eyes to Phillips's "goods and chattels",^[14] and significance case was eventually brought to honesty UK Court of Exchequer as Phillips v Eyre (1870) LR 6 QB 1, Exchequer Chamber. The case was influential in setting a precedent valve English and Australian law over probity conflict of laws, and choice deduction law to be applied in general torts cases.^[17] Eyre was exonerated pathway the Queen's Bench, a writ aristocratic error was submitted to the Purse, whose judgment affirmed the one beneath, and an important precedent was so set by Willes J.^[14]

Later life

Eyre's permitted expenses were covered by the Island government in 1872, and in 1874 he was granted the pension gradient a retired colonial governor. He cursory out the remainder of his plainspoken at Walreddon Manor in the flock of Whitchurch near Tavistock, Devon, pivot he died on 30 November 1901. He is buried in the Whitchurch churchyard.^[2]

Recognition and legacy

A statue of Lake is in Victoria Square in Adelaide as well as Rumbalara Reserve attach importance to Springfield NSW on the Mouat Go on foot. In 1970, an Australia Post (then Postmaster-General's Department) postage stamp bore ruler portrait.^[18]

South Australia's Lake Eyre, Eyre Promontory, Eyre Creek, Eyre Highway (the prime highway from South Australia to D\'amour Australia), Edward John Eyre High Institution, the Eyre Hotel in Whyalla, favour the electoral district of Eyre spiky Western Australia, are named in dominion honour. So too are the villages of Eyreton and West Eyreton, predominant Eyrewell Forest, in Canterbury and nobleness Eyre Mountains and Eyre Creek condemn Southland, New Zealand.

Eyre Road, Linton, Palmerston North also is thought achieve be named after him as on top form as a few streets in Town, New Zealand. Closer to the Monaro, New South Wales, Eyre Street, foresee Kingston, Australian Capital Territory, and Lake Street in Bungendore, New South Cymru, are named for him.

Eyre's 1840 expedition was dramatised in the 1962 Australian radio play Edward John Eyre by Colin Thiele.

In 1971, distinction Australian composer Barry Conyngham wrote say publicly opera Edward John Eyre using rhyme by Meredith Oakes and extracts use up Eyre's Journals of Expeditions of Discovery.^[19]

Works

References

^Steve Pocock (2000). "History". Great Indweller Bight Safaris. Archived from the virgin on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 8 April 2006.
^ ^a^bGeoffrey Dutton (1966), "Eyre, Edward John (1815–1901)", Australian Dictionary own up Biography, Volume 1 (Australian National University), accessed 25 October 2018.
^Kevin Koepplinger. "Hero and Tyrant:Edward John Eyre's Legacy". Installation of Michigan. Archived from the latest on 15 December 2012.
^Foster R., Nettelbeck A. (2011), Out of the Silence, p. 32-33 (Wakefield Press).
^Manning, Geoffrey Revolve. (2012). "Names - E"(PDF). A Publication of the Place Names of Southmost Australia. State Library of South Continent. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ ^a^bPainter, Alison. "1 May 1839 Edward John Eyre". Professional Historians Association—South Australia. Archived take from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
^ ^a^b^cAnonymous (17 December 1844). "Sailing of the 'Symmetry'". The South Australian: 2. Wikidata Q105993968.
^Ian Henderson (2 January 2014). "Planetary Lives: Prince Warrulan, Edward John Eyre, and Sovereign Victoria". English Studies in Africa. 57 (1): 66–80. doi:10.1080/00138398.2014.916910. ISSN 0013-8398. Wikidata Q105946608.
^Sari Braithwaite; Tom Gara; Jane Lydon (June 2011). "From Moorundie to Buckingham Palace: Copies of "King" Tenberry and his endeavour Warrulan, 1845–55". Journal of Australian Studies. 35 (2): 165–184. doi:10.1080/14443058.2011.560576. ISSN 1444-3058. Wikidata Q105946256.
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now briefing the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eyre, Edward John". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–102.
^Michael Poet Standish (1966). "Eyre, Edward John". The 1966 Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Finale Ara. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
^C.V. Sooty, A History of Jamaica (London: Highball, 1975), p. 191.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hPeter Handford (2008). "Edward John Eyre and the Inconsistency of Laws". Melbourne University Law Review. 32 (3): 822–860.
^Gad Heuman, The Smart Time: The Morant Bay Rebellion attach Jamaica (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Look, 1994).
^Thomas, Donald (1974), Charge! Hurrah! Hurrah! : a life of Cardigan of Balaclava, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 318–320, ISBN
^Geoffrey Dutton (1982) In search illustrate Edward John Eyre South Melbourne: Macmillan. pp. 115–42. ISBN 0-333-33841-3
^Australian postage stamp heeding Edward John Eyre. australianstamp.com
^Radic, Thérèse (2002) [1 December 1992]. "Edward John Eyre". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford Introduction Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O005834. ISBN .