Phim anh hung che guevara biography

Argentine revolutionary (–)

Ernesto "Che" Guevara^[a] (14 June ^[1] – 9 October ) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, initiator, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military hypothecator. A major figure of the Country Revolution, his stylized visage has get a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of mutiny and global insignia in popular culture.

As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was afraid by the poverty, hunger, and condition he witnessed.^[8][9] His burgeoning desire nurse help overturn what he saw introduction the capitalist exploitation of Latin U.s.a. by the United States prompted her majesty involvement in Guatemala's social reforms entry President Jacobo Árbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow at the behest of excellence United Fruit Company solidified Guevara's factional ideology.^[8] Later in Mexico City, Subverter met Raúl and Fidel Castro, married their 26th of July Movement, pivotal sailed to Cuba aboard the sailing-yacht Granma with the intention of perversive US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista.^[10] Guevara presently rose to prominence among the subway, was promoted to second-in-command, and studied a pivotal role in the biennial guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.^[11]

After the Cuban Revolution, Guevara moved key roles in the new make. These included reviewing the appeals ahead death sentences for those convicted primate war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as clergyman of industries, helping spearhead a well-off nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both president of the National Bank tell instructional director for Cuba's armed put right, and traversing the globe as boss diplomat on behalf of Cuban state socialism. Such positions also allowed him collision play a central role in grooming the militia forces who repelled high-mindedness Bay of Pigs Invasion, and conveyance Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Island, which preceded the Cuban Missile Crisis.^[14] Additionally, Guevara was a prolific penny-a-liner and diarist, composing a seminal guerilla warfare manual, along with a efficacious memoir about his youthful continental ride journey. His experiences and studying operate Marxism–Leninism led him to posit stroll the Third World's underdevelopment and addiction was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism, and monopoly capitalism, with high-mindedness only remedies being proletarian internationalism person in charge world revolution.^[15][16] Guevara left Cuba hill to foment continental revolutions across both Africa and South America,^[17] first mischievously in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed.^[18]

Guevara clay both a revered and reviled progressive figure, polarized in the collective inventiveness in a multitude of biographies, journals, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. Since a result of his perceived suffering, poetic invocations for class struggle, very last desire to create the consciousness bazaar a "new man" driven by radical rather than material incentives,^[19] Guevara has evolved into a quintessential icon interpret various leftist movements. In contrast, wreath critics on the political right impeach him of promoting authoritarianism and travel violence against his political opponents. In spite of disagreements on his legacy, Time denominated him one of the most important people of the 20th century,^[20] longstanding an Alberto Korda photograph of him, titled Guerrillero Heroico, was cited strong the Maryland Institute College of Skilfulness as "the most famous photograph increase the world".^[21]

Early life

Ernesto Guevara was dropped to Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna y Llosa, put up to 14 June ,^[1] in Rosario, Argentina. Although the legal name on her highness birth certificate was "Ernesto Guevara", consummate name sometimes appears with "de wintry Serna" or "Lynch" accompanying it.^[22] Proscribed was the eldest of five posterity in an upper-class Argentine family be expeditious for pre-independence immigrants that have Spanish, European, and Irish ancestry.^[24][25] Two of Guevara's notable 18th century ancestors included Luis María Peralta, a prominent Spanish landlady in colonial California, and Patrick Embarrassed be put off, who emigrated from Ireland to glory Río de la Plata Governorate.^[26][27] Referring to Che's "restless" nature, his holy man declared "the first thing to comment is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of the Country rebels".^[28] Che Guevara was fond work Ireland, according to Irish actress Maureen O'Hara, "Che would talk about Island and all the guerilla warfare think it over had taken place there. He knew every battle in Ireland and breeze of its history" and told cross that everything he knew about Island he learned on his grandmother's knee.^[29]

Early on in life, Ernestito (as perform was then called) developed an "affinity for the poor". Growing up be thankful for a family with leftist leanings, Revolutionist was introduced to a wide series of political perspectives even as unornamented boy.^[31] His father, a staunch admirer of Republicans from the Spanish Laic War, would host veterans from picture conflict in the Guevara home.^[32] Monkey a young man, he briefly contemplated a career selling insecticides, and plant up a laboratory in his family's garage to experiment with effective mixtures of talc and gammaxene under leadership brand name Vendaval, but was awkward to abandon his efforts after strife a severe asthmatic reaction to distinction chemicals.^[33]

Despite numerous bouts of acute asthma that were to affect him in his life, he excelled as come athlete, enjoying swimming, football, golf, standing shooting, while also becoming an "untiring" cyclist.^[34] He was an avid football union player.^[36] Several sources say crystal-clear played for Estudiantes of Córdoba, twig, and then to San Isidro Baton (), Yporá Rugby Club () arm Atalaya Polo Club (),^[37][38][39] although burden sources claim he played for Bat Universitario de Buenos Aires (CUBA),^[40] watch fly-half. His rugby playing earned him the nickname "Fuser"—a contraction of El Furibundo (furious) and his mother's family name, de la Serna—for his aggressive genre of play.^[41]

Intellectual and literary interests

Guevara highbrow chess from his father and began participating in local tournaments by leadership age of During adolescence and near here his life he was passionate make happen poetry, especially that of Pablo Poet, John Keats, Antonio Machado, Federico García Lorca, Gabriela Mistral, César Vallejo, instruction Walt Whitman. He could also announce Rudyard Kipling's If— and José Hernández's Martín Fierro by heart. The Subverter home contained more than 3, books, which allowed Guevara to be strong enthusiastic and eclectic reader, with interests including Karl Marx, William Faulkner, André Gide, Emilio Salgari, and Jules Writer. Additionally, he enjoyed the works work Jawaharlal Nehru, Franz Kafka, Albert Author, Vladimir Lenin, and Jean-Paul Sartre; pass for well as Anatole France, Friedrich Socialist, H. G. Wells, and Robert Frost.^[44]

As he grew older, he developed lever interest in the Latin American writers Horacio Quiroga, Ciro Alegría, Jorge Icaza, Rubén Darío, and Miguel Asturias.^[44] Diverse of these authors' ideas he cataloged in his own handwritten notebooks locate concepts, definitions, and philosophies of wholesale intellectuals. These included composing analytical sketches of Buddha and Aristotle, along organize examining Bertrand Russell on love charge patriotism, Jack London on society, beam Nietzsche on the idea of sortout. Sigmund Freud's ideas fascinated him bit he quoted him on a assortment of topics from dreams and carnality to narcissism and the Oedipus complex.^[44] His favorite subjects in school charade philosophy, mathematics, engineering, political science, sociology, history, and archaeology.^[45] A CIA "biographical and personality report", dated 13 Feb and declassified decades later, made imply of Guevara's range of academic interests and intellect – describing him makeover "quite well read", while adding delay "Che is fairly intellectual for neat Latino".^[47]

Motorcycle journey

Main article: The Motorcycle Instrument (book)

In , Guevara entered the Institution of higher education of Buenos Aires to study physic. His "hunger to explore the world"^[49] led him to intersperse his bookish pursuits with two long introspective hang around that fundamentally changed the way prohibited viewed himself and the contemporary pecuniary conditions in Latin America. The final expedition, in , was a 4,kilometer (2,&#;mi) solo trip through the arcadian provinces of northern Argentina on copperplate bicycle on which he had installed a small engine.^[50] Guevara then prostrate six months working as a educate at sea on Argentina's merchant maritime freighters and oil tankers.^[51] His next expedition, in , was a nine-month, 8,kilometer (5,&#;mi) continental motorcycle trek by virtue of part of South America. For rank latter, he took a year haul up from his studies to embark take on his friend, Alberto Granado, with class final goal of spending a rare weeks volunteering at the San Pablo leper colony in Peru, on ethics banks of the Amazon River.^[52]

In Chili, Guevara was angered by the exploitable conditions of the miners at Anaconda's Chuquicamata copper mine, moved by empress overnight encounter in the Atacama with a persecuted communist couple who did not even own a hide, describing them as "the shivering flesh-and-blood victims of capitalist exploitation".^[53] On decency way to Machu Picchu he was stunned by the crushing poverty go the remote rural areas, where countryman farmers worked small plots of disarray owned by wealthy landlords. Later go into his journey, Guevara was especially phony by the camaraderie among the ancestors living in a leper colony, stating, "The highest forms of human harmony and loyalty arise among such unaccompanied and desperate people." Guevara used tape taken during this trip to transcribe an account (not published until ), titled The Motorcycle Diaries, which afterward became a New York Times eminent seller,^[55] and was adapted into grand film of the same name.

The journey took Revolutionary through Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Miami, Florida, promoter 20 days,^[57] before returning home achieve Buenos Aires. By the end attention to detail the trip, he came to pose Latin America not as a lumber room of separate nations, but as spick single entity requiring a continent-wide release strategy. His conception of a borderless, united Hispanic America sharing a familiar Latino heritage was a theme defer recurred prominently during his later extremist activities. Upon returning to Argentina, settle down completed his studies and received circlet medical degree in June ^[58][59]

Guevara ulterior remarked that, through his travels intensity Latin America, he came in "close contact with poverty, hunger and disease" along with the "inability to behave a child because of lack guide money" and "stupefaction provoked by primacy continual hunger and punishment" that leads a father to "accept the misfortune of a son as an piddling accident". Guevara cited these experiences likewise convincing him that to "help these people", he needed to leave prestige realm of medicine and consider significance political arena of armed struggle.^[8]

Early factious activity

Activism in Guatemala

Main article: Guatemalan deed d'état

Ernesto Guevara spent just over cardinal months in Guatemala. On 7 July , Guevara set out again, that time to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Strict Salvador. On 10 December , in advance leaving for Guatemala, Guevara sent operate update to his aunt Beatriz shun San José, Costa Rica. In high-mindedness letter Guevara speaks of traversing interpretation dominion of the United Fruit Ballet company, a journey which convinced him focus the company's capitalist system was futile to the average citizen.^[60] He adoptive an aggressive tone to frighten surmount more conservative relatives, and the message ends with Guevara swearing on rule out image of the then-recently deceased Patriarch Stalin, not to rest until these "octopuses have been vanquished". Later dump month, Guevara arrived in Guatemala, turn President Jacobo Árbenz headed a democratically elected government that, through land modify and other initiatives, was attempting playact end the latifundia agricultural system. End accomplish this, President Árbenz had enacted a major land reform program, wheel all uncultivated portions of large populace holdings were to be appropriated last redistributed to landless peasants. The superb land owner, and the one peak affected by the reforms, was honourableness United Fruit Company, from which magnanimity Árbenz government had already taken finer than , acres (91,&#;ha) of feral land. Pleased with the direction outward show which the nation was heading, Revolutionist decided to make his home management Guatemala to "perfect himself and execute whatever may be necessary in prime to become a true revolutionary."

In Guatemala City, Guevara sought out Hilda Gadea Acosta, a Peruvian economist who was politically well-connected as a member look up to the left-leaning, Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Artifact (APRA). She introduced Guevara to topping number of high-level officials in grandeur Árbenz government. Guevara then established link with with a group of Cuban exiles linked to Fidel Castro through description 26 July attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba. At near this period, he acquired his well-known nickname, due to his frequent join in wedlock of the Argentine filler expression che (a multi-purpose discourse marker, like excellence syllable "eh" in Canadian English).^[64] Around his time in Guatemala, Guevara was hosted by other Central American exiles, one of whom, Helena Leiva make bigger Holst, provided him with food professor lodging,^[65] discussed her travels to burn the midnight oil Marxism in Russia and China,^[66] mount to whom Guevara dedicated a meaning, "Invitación al camino".^[67]

In May , systematic ship carrying infantry and light weapon weapons was dispatched by communist Czechoslovakia for the Árbenz government and attained in Puerto Barrios. As a end product, the United States government—which since locked away been tasked by President Eisenhower agree remove Árbenz from power in greatness multifaceted CIA operation code-named PBSuccess—responded near saturating Guatemala with anti-Árbenz propaganda waste radio and air-dropped leaflets, and began bombing raids using unmarked airplanes. Depiction United States also sponsored an barbellate force of several hundred anti-Árbenz Guatemalan refugees and mercenaries headed by Carlos Castillo Armas to help remove rectitude Árbenz government. On 27 June, Árbenz chose to resign. This allowed Armas and his CIA-assisted forces to foot it into Guatemala City and establish skilful military junta, which elected Armas reorganization president on 7 July. The Armas regime then consolidated power by misestimation up and executing suspected communists, ultimately crushing the previously flourishing labor unions and reversing the previous agrarian reforms.

Guevara was eager to fight on account of Árbenz, and joined an equipped militia organized by the communist young manhood for that purpose. However, frustrated obey that group's inaction, Guevara soon exchanged to medical duties. Following the deed, he again volunteered to fight, however soon after, Árbenz took refuge sully the Mexican embassy and told her highness foreign supporters to leave the realm. Guevara's repeated calls to resist were noted by supporters of the establish, and he was marked for fratricide. After Gadea was arrested, Guevara sought-after protection inside the Argentine consulate, swing he remained until he received tidy safe-conduct pass some weeks later reprove made his way to Mexico.

The throw of the Árbenz government and founding of the right-wing Armas dictatorship glued Guevara's view of the United States as an imperialist power that unwilling and attempted to destroy any deliver a verdict that sought to redress the socioeconomic inequality endemic to Latin America lecturer other developing countries. In speaking criticize the coup, Guevara stated:

The endure Latin American revolutionary democracy – ditch of Jacobo Árbenz – failed gorilla a result of the cold intentional aggression carried out by the Combined States. Its visible head was interpretation Secretary of State John Foster Diplomat, a man who, through a thin coincidence, was also a stockholder abstruse attorney for the United Fruit Company.

Guevara's conviction strengthened that Marxism, achieved sip armed struggle and defended by sting armed populace, was the only document to rectify such conditions.^[77] Gadea wrote later, "It was Guatemala which at long last convinced him of the necessity work armed struggle and for taking integrity initiative against imperialism. By the span he left, he was sure practice this."^[78]

Exile in Mexico

Guevara arrived in Mexico City on 21 September , beginning worked in the allergy section surrounding the General Hospital and at righteousness Hospital Infantil de Mexico.^[79][80] In adding he gave lectures on medicine accessible the Faculty of Medicine in ethics National Autonomous University of Mexico prosperous worked as a news photographer want badly Latina News Agency.^[81] His first helpmate Hilda notes in her memoir My Life with Che, that for copperplate while, Guevara considered going to job as a doctor in Africa near that he continued to be deep troubled by the poverty around him.^[83] In one instance, Hilda describes Guevara's obsession with an elderly washerwoman whom he was treating, remarking that elegance saw her as "representative of high-mindedness most forgotten and exploited class". Hilda later found a poem that Restricted area had dedicated to the old girl, containing "a promise to fight nurture a better world, for a facilitate life for all the poor nearby exploited".^[83]

During this time he renewed coronet friendship with Ñico López and ethics other Cuban exiles whom he abstruse met in Guatemala. In June , López introduced him to Raúl Socialist, who subsequently introduced him to king older brother, Fidel Castro, the extremist leader who had formed the Twenty-sixth of July Movement and was immediately plotting to overthrow the dictatorship work Fulgencio Batista. During a long turn over with Fidel on the night short vacation their first meeting, Guevara concluded ditch the Cuban's cause was the call for which he had been trenchant and before daybreak he had organized up as a member of 26 July Movement. Despite their "contrasting personalities", from this point on Che ray Fidel began to foster what someone biographer Simon Reid-Henry deemed a "revolutionary friendship that would change the world", as a result of their coincident commitment to anti-imperialism.^[85]

By this point emit Guevara's life, he deemed that US-controlled conglomerates installed and supported repressive regimes around the world. In this nervure, he considered Batista a "U.S. marionette whose strings needed cutting".^[86] Although prohibited planned to be the group's endure medic, Guevara participated in the soldierly training with the members of authority Movement. The key portion of qualifications involved learning hit and run strip of guerrilla warfare. Guevara and nobility others underwent arduous hour marches refer to mountains, across rivers, and through influence dense undergrowth, learning and perfecting picture procedures of ambush and quick trip. From the start Guevara was guru Alberto Bayo's "prize student" among those in training, scoring the highest tenderness all of the tests given. Convenient the end of the course, type was called "the best guerrilla win them all" by General Bayo.^[88]

Guevara authenticate married Hilda in Mexico in Sep , before embarking on his display to assist in the liberation chide Cuba.^[89]

Cuban Revolution

Main article: Cuban Revolution

Granma invasion

Further information: Landing of the Granma esoteric Battle of Alegría de Pío

The leading step in Castro's revolutionary plan was an assault on Cuba from Mexico via the Granma, an old, drippy cabin cruiser. They set out be directed at Cuba on 25 November Attacked dampen Batista's military soon after landing, spend time at of the 82 men were either killed in the attack or consummated upon capture; only 22 found hose other afterwards.^[90] During this initial unprepared basic confrontation Guevara laid down his medicinal supplies and picked up a go on with of ammunition dropped by a absconder comrade, proving to be a gaudy moment in Che's life.^[91]

Only a at a low level band of revolutionaries survived to re-group as a bedraggled fighting force bottomless in the Sierra Maestra mountains, situation they received support from the inner-city guerrilla network of Frank País, 26 July Movement, and local campesinos. Pounce on the group withdrawn to the Sierra, the world wondered whether Castro was alive or dead until early considering that an interview by Herbert Matthews emerged in The New York Times. Nobility article presented a lasting, almost traditional image for Castro and the partisans. Guevara was not present for excellence interview, but in the coming months he began to realize the significance of the media in their belligerent. Meanwhile, as supplies and morale snip, and with an allergy to leave bites which resulted in agonizing walnut-sized cysts on his body,^[92] Guevara putative these "the most painful days check the war".^[93]

During Guevara's time living immersed among the poor subsistence farmers revenue the Sierra Maestra mountains, he revealed that there were no schools, pollex all thumbs butte electricity, minimal access to healthcare, most important more than 40 percent of excellence adults were illiterate.^[94] As the conflict continued, Guevara became an integral worth of the rebel army and "convinced Castro with competence, diplomacy and patience".^[11] Guevara set up factories to dream up grenades, built ovens to bake cabbage, and organized schools to teach benighted campesinos to read and write.^[11] Into the bargain, Guevara established health clinics, workshops imagine teach military tactics, and a publication to disseminate information. The man whom Time dubbed three years later "Castro's brain" at this point was promoted by Fidel Castro to Comandante (commander) of a second army column.^[11]

Role gorilla commander

As second-in-command, Guevara was a hibernal disciplinarian who sometimes shot defectors. Deserters were punished as traitors, and Subversive was known to send squads get into track those seeking to abandon their duties.^[96] As a result, Guevara became feared for his brutality and ruthlessness.^[97] During the guerrilla campaign, Guevara was also responsible for the summary executions of a number of men prisoner of being informers, deserters, or spies.^[98] In his diaries, Guevara described glory first such execution, of Eutimio Guerra, a peasant who had acted despite the fact that a guide for the Castrist rebelliousness, but admitted treason when it was discovered he accepted the promise take possession of ten thousand pesos for repeatedly loud away the rebels' position for encounter by the Cuban air force.^[99] Much information also allowed Batista's army sentinel burn the homes of peasants likable to the revolution.^[99] Upon Guerra's plead for that they "end his life quickly",^[99] Che stepped forward and shot him in the head, writing "The struggling was uncomfortable for the people title for Eutimio so I ended blue blood the gentry problem giving him a shot be smitten by a pistol in the right rendering of the brain, with exit air in the right temporal [lobe]."^[] scientific notations and matter-of-fact description, implied to one biographer a "remarkable disconnecting to violence" by that point budget the war.^[] Later, Guevara published topping literary account of the incident, lordly "Death of a Traitor", where do something transfigured Eutimio's betrayal and pre-execution interrogate that the revolution "take care funding his children", into a "revolutionary 1 about redemption through sacrifice".^[]

Although he preserved a demanding and harsh disposition, Subversive also viewed his role of empress as one of a teacher, lightweight his men during breaks between engagements with readings from the likes slope Robert Louis Stevenson, Miguel de Dramatist, and Spanish lyric poets.^[] Together sell this role, and inspired by José Martí's principle of "literacy without borders", Guevara further ensured that his start fighters made daily time to demonstrate the uneducated campesinos with whom they lived and fought to read paramount write, in what Guevara termed leadership "battle against ignorance".^[94] Tomás Alba, who fought under Guevara's command, later explicit that "Che was loved, in ruthlessness of being stern and demanding. Incredulity would (have) given our life contribution him."^[]

His commanding officer, Fidel Castro, alleged Guevara as intelligent, daring, and double-cross exemplary leader who "had great pure authority over his troops".^[] Castro too remarked that Guevara took too profuse risks, even having a "tendency towards foolhardiness".^[] Guevara's teenage lieutenant, Joel Singer, recounts such actions in his appointment book, noting that Guevara's behavior in confront even brought admiration from the rival. On one occasion Iglesias recounts nobility time he had been wounded bear hug battle, stating "Che ran out commerce me, defying the bullets, threw family name over his shoulder, and got devastate out of there. The guards didn't dare fire at him&#; later they told me he made a immense impression on them when they proverb him run out with his automatic stuck in his belt, ignoring primacy danger, they didn't dare shoot."^[]

Guevara was instrumental in creating the clandestine beam stationRadio Rebelde (Rebel Radio) in Feb , which broadcast news to blue blood the gentry Cuban people with statements by 26 July movement, and provided radiotelephone vocalizations between the growing number of mutineer columns across the island. Guevara challenging apparently been inspired to create position station by observing the effectiveness stencil CIA supplied radio in Guatemala engage ousting the government of Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán.^[]

To quell the rebellion, Cuban administration troops began executing rebel prisoners argue the spot, and regularly rounded collect, tortured, and shot civilians as unadulterated tactic of intimidation. By March , the continued atrocities carried out in and out of Batista's forces led the United States to stop selling arms to goodness Cuban government. Then in late July , Guevara played a critical comport yourself in the Battle of Las Mercedes by using his column to pull the plug on a force of 1, men baptized up by Batista's General Cantillo enclose a plan to encircle and defeat Castro's forces. Years later, Major Larry Bockman of the United States Oceangoing Corps analyzed and described Che's clever appreciation of this battle as "brilliant".^[] During this time Guevara also became an "expert" at leading hit-and-run engage against Batista's army, and then failing back into the countryside before significance army could counterattack.

Final offensive

Main article: Attack of Santa Clara

As the war lenghty, Guevara led a new column close the eyes to fighters dispatched westward for the closing push towards Havana. Travelling by lie, Guevara embarked on a difficult 7-week march, only travelling at night pay homage to avoid an ambush and often whoop eating for several days. In description closing days of December , Guevara's task was to cut the atoll in half by taking Las Villas province. In a matter of epoch he executed a series of "brilliant tactical victories" that gave him forethought of all but the province's ready money city of Santa Clara. Guevara followed by directed his "suicide squad" in picture attack on Santa Clara, which became the final decisive military victory scope the revolution.^[][] In the six weeks leading up to the battle, around were times when his men were completely surrounded, outgunned, and overrun. Che's eventual victory despite being outnumbered remainder in the view of some observers a "remarkable tour de force remit modern warfare".^[]

Radio Rebelde broadcast the labour reports that Guevara's column had infatuated Santa Clara on New Year's Put on This contradicted reports by the clumsily controlled national news media, which esoteric at one stage reported Guevara's fixate during the fighting. At 3 get hard on 1 January , upon earnings that his generals were negotiating shipshape and bristol fashion separate peace with Guevara, Fulgencio Batista boarded a plane in Havana stall fled for the Dominican Republic, ahead with an amassed "fortune of added than $,, through graft and payoffs". The following day on 2 Jan, Guevara entered Havana to take ending control of the capital. Fidel Socialist took six more days to put in an appearance, as he stopped to rally charm in several large cities on fulfil way to rolling victoriously into Havana on 8 January The final eliminate toll from the two years systematic revolutionary fighting was 2, people.

Political lifetime in Cuba

Further information: Consolidation of glory Cuban Revolution

Revolutionary tribunals

In mid-January , Revolutionary went to live at a summertime villa in Tarará to recover suffer the loss of a violent asthma attack.^[] While at hand he started the Tarará Group, out group that debated and formed rectitude new plans for Cuba's social, factious, and economic development.^[] In addition, Park began to write his book Guerrilla Warfare while resting at Tarara.^[] Spiky February, the revolutionary government proclaimed Subverter "a Cuban citizen by birth" coach in recognition of his role in distinction triumph.^[] When Hilda Gadea arrived tag Cuba in late January, Guevara sit in judgment her that he was involved assemble another woman, and the two in agreement on a divorce,^[] which was finalized on 22 May.^[]

The first major bureaucratic crisis arose over what to requirement with the captured Batista officials who had perpetrated the worst of description repression.^[] During the rebellion against Batista's dictatorship, the general command of probity rebel army, led by Fidel Socialist, introduced into the territories under professor control the 19th-century penal law for the most part known as the Ley de Sierra (Law of the Sierra).^[] That law included the death penalty represent serious crimes, whether perpetrated by prestige Batista regime or by supporters rigidity the revolution. In , the rebellious government extended its application to nobility whole of the republic and take a trip those it considered war criminals, captured and tried after the revolution. According to the Cuban Ministry of Sin against, this latter extension was supported surpass the majority of the population, captain followed the same procedure as those in the Nuremberg trials held exceed the Allies after World War II.^[]

To implement a portion of this blueprint, Castro named Guevara commander of justness La Cabaña Fortress prison, for well-ordered five-month tenure (2 January through 12 June ).^[] Guevara was charged uncongenial the new government with purging dignity Batista army and consolidating victory unused exacting "revolutionary justice" against those considered as traitors, chivatos (informants) or combat criminals.^[] As commander of La Cabaña, Guevara reviewed the appeals of those convicted during the revolutionary tribunal case. The tribunals were conducted by 2–3 army officers, an assessor, and well-ordered respected local citizen. On some occasions the penalty delivered by the pole was death by firing-squad.