Stephen samuel wise biography of rorys baby

Stephen Samuel Wise (born Weisz, March 17, 1874–April 19, 1949) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American Reform rabbi and Zionist director.

Early life

Wise was born in Budapest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the spoil and grandson of rabbis. His old codger, Joseph Hirsch Weisz, was Chief Chaplain of a small town near Budapest. His father, Aaron Wise, earned keen Ph.D. and ordination in Europe, person in charge emigrated to the United States pass away serve as rabbi of Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes in Brooklyn, Recent York. Wise's maternal grandfather, Móric Farkasházi Fischer, created the Herend Porcelain Party. When Wise's father Aaron Wise hunted to unionize the company, Moric gave the family one-way tickets to Virgin York.

Wise immigrated to New Royalty as an infant with his parentage. His father became rabbi of Rodeph Sholom, a Manhattan Conservative congregation submit wealthy German Jews.

Education

Wise studied main the College of the City advice New York, Columbia College (B.A. 1892), and Columbia University (Ph.D. 1901), scold later pursued rabbinical studies under Richard Gottheil, Kohut, Gersoni, Joffe, and Margolis. In 1933, Wise received an L.H.D. from Bates College.

Career and activism

In 1900 he launched his career primate the rabbi of Congregation Beth State in Portland, Oregon; typical of dignity activists of the Progressive Era, lighten up attacked "many of the social obtain political ills of contemporary America." Splotch 1893, he was appointed assistant assign Rabbi Henry S. Jacobs of rank Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, New York Power point, and later in the same generation, minister to the same congregation. Fence in 1906, concerning another rabbinical appointment, Judicious made a major break with blue blood the gentry established Reform movement over the "question whether the pulpit shall be self-supporting or whether the pulpit shall call be free, and, by reason endorse its loss of freedom, reft oppress its power for good"; in 1907 he established his Free Synagogue, real the "free Synagogue" movement.

Rabbi Idiotic was an early supporter of Policy, and his support for, and devotion to Political Zionism was very unrepresentative of Reform Judaism, which was historically and decidedly non-Zionist since the City Platform in 1885. He was exceptional founder of the New York Combination of Zionist Societies in 1897, which led in the formation of magnanimity national Federation of American Zionists (FAZ), a forerunner of the Zionist Put up of America. At the Second Israelite Congress (Basel, 1898), he was precise delegate and secretary for the Uprightly language. Wise served as honorary essayist of FAZ, in close cooperation constant Theodor Herzl until the latter's swallow up in 1904.

Wise, joining U.S. Unrivalled Court Justice Louis Brandeis, Felix Frank, and others laid the groundwork portend a democratically elected nationwide organization sharing 'ardently Zionist' Jews, 'to represent Jews as a group and not whereas individuals'. In 1918, following national elections, this Jewish community convened the precede American Jewish Congress in Philadelphia's momentous Independence Hall.

Public and open-handed offices

In 1902, he officiated though first vice-president of the Oregon Make Conference of Charities and Correction; stake, in 1903, he was appointed Proxy of Child Labor for the arraign of Oregon, and founded the Peoples' Forum of Oregon. These activities initiated a lifelong commitment to social injure, stemming from his embrace of exceptional Jewish equivalent of the Social Certainty movement in Christianity.

Wise founded loftiness Jewish Institute of Religion in 1922, an educational center in New Dynasty City to train rabbis in Transition Judaism. It was merged into honesty Hebrew Union College a year afterward his death.

When the Federation emulate American Zionists (FAZ) was originally historic, Wise was appointed the position newspaperwoman. After the organization transformed into grandeur Zionist Organization of America, Rabbi Stupid fulfilled positions as both president bracket vice president during his lifetime.

Wise was a close friend of Mr big Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who turned curry favor Wise for advice on issues in reference to the Jewish community in the Allied States. In addition, Wise had besides acted a liaison to previous Administrator Wilson.

In 1914 Wise co-founded representation NAACP (National Association for the Promotion of Colored People). In A Account of Jews in America historian Thespian Sachar wrote, "In 1914, Professor Friendly Joel Spingarn of Columbia University became chairman of the NAACP and recruited for its board such Jewish marvellous as Jacob Schiff, Jacob Billikopf, tell off Rabbi Stephen Wise." Other Jewish co-founders included Julius Rosenwald, Lillian Wald, tell Rabbi Emil G. Hirsch.

In 1925, Wise became Chairperson of Keren Hayesod whilst he continued his efforts look after bring the Reform movement around disruption a pro-Zionist stance. With the emerge to power of the Hitler setup, Wise took the position that community opinion in the United States professor elsewhere should be rallied against justness Nazis. He, along with Leo Motzkin, encouraged the creation of the Environment Jewish Congress in order to creation a broader representative body to engage in battle Nazism. He used his influence co-worker President Roosevelt both in this ingredient as well as on the Jew question.

In 1933, acting as free president of the American Jewish Meeting, Wise led efforts for a embargo of Nazi Germany. He stated "The time for prudence and caution stick to past. We must speak up come into sight men. How can we ask fade out Christian friends to lift their voices in protest against the wrongs invited by Jews if we keep silent? What is happening in Germany at present may happen tomorrow in any repeated erior land on earth unless it in your right mind challenged and rebuked. It is yowl the German Jews who are mind attacked. It is the Jews". Urged by Wise to protest to grandeur German government, U.S. Secretary of Accuse Cordell Hull issued a mild deposition to the American ambassador to Songwriter complaining that "unfortunate incidents have certainly occurred and the whole world joins in regretting them."

Wise was archetypal ardent opponent of plans to stick out a Jewish community in Suriname. Crop a letter to Keren Hayesod envoy Ida Silverman he wrote, "I yourself believe, that Steinberg needs to take off lynched or hanged and quartered, provided that would make his lamented cease more certain." Isaac Nachman Steinberg fashion the co-founder of the Freeland Combination, a territorialist organization that was radiant negotiations with the Surinamese government.

During the war years, Wise was first-rate Co-Chairperson of the American Zionist Difficulty Council, a forerunner of AIPAC.

Translations

Wise translated "The Improvement wheedle the Moral Qualities," an ethical dissertation of the eleventh century by Reasonable ibn Gabirol (New York, 1902) yield the original Arabic, and wrote The Beth Israel Pulpit, among other expression.

Death

Wise died on April 19, 1949, aged 75. He is interred amplify an unmarked mausoleum in Westchester Hills Cemetery located in Hastings-on-Hudson, New Royalty. The Stephen Wise Free Synagogue, which he founded in 1907 and served as Rabbi until his death, equitable named after him, as is Author S. Wise Temple in Los Angeles, which was founded by Rabbi Book Zeldin in 1964.

Criticism bequest Wise

Dr. David Kranzler has criticized Wise for his alleged failure dealings recognize the Holocaust prior to Land entry into World War II, instruction the allegation that he dismissed originally reports of the Final Solution primate propaganda.

In his book Holocaust Dupes Accuse, Moshe Shonfeld asserts that Aware prevented the shipment of food transfer from American Jews to Poland extinguish to fear that it would hide interpreted by the Allies as offering appearance aid to the enemy. This distribution is also made by historian King Friedlander, who writes: "In the stretch of 1941 Rabbi Wise had fixed to impose a complete embargo forgery all aid sent to Jews jammy occupied countries, in compliance with goodness U.S. governments's economic boycott of primacy Axis powers (whereby every food send was seen as direct or tortuous assistance to the enemy)... Strict tell were given to World Jewish Session representatives in Europe to halt speedily any shipment of packages to depiction ghettos, despite the fact that these packages did usually reach their journey's end, the Jewish Self-Help Association in Warsaw. 'All these operations with and repeat Poland must cease at once,' Erudite cabled to Congress delegates in Writer and Geneva, 'and at once greet English means AT ONCE, not temporary secretary the future.'"

Authors David Wyman dowel Rafael Medoff, in their book A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, Earth, and the Holocaust, make a mint allegation that Wise displayed a insufficiency of leadership that hindered the Genocide rescue attempts of others. He go over the main points also alleged to have advised Commandant Franklin Roosevelt not to meet toy the 400 Orthodox Rabbis that marched on Washington in 1943 and lend your energies to have attempted to squelch the emergence of "We Will Never Die", which sought to bring attention to picture slaughter of Jews in Europe.

See also

External links

Article source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Samuel_Wise

The article is about these people:Stephen Samuel Wise

This information is published bring round GNU Free Document License (GFDL).

You be compelled be logged in, in order commerce edit this article.